Modoc War was an armed conflict of 1872-1873 between the Modoc band of Indians led by Captain Jack (Kintpuash) and the United States Army in northeastern California and southeastern Oregon. Several battles took place in Lava Beds caverns, South of Tule Lake, in the so-called “Captain Jack Stronghold”. The conflict ended with the Modocs surrendering, and Captain Jack captured. He and three other warriors were tried and executed in Fort Klamath in July 1873. This is believed to be the longest and the most expensive Indian war in the history of the United States.